UNIT 2 · STUDY GUIDE QUESTION 16

Mass & thermal energy

Explain the relationship between mass, kinetic energy, and thermal energy.

SIMPLIFIED SCIENTIFIC MODEL · TIME COMPRESSED · NOT TO SCALE

Trial progress 0%

Temperature300 K

Amount in sample B2 × sample A

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Look for evidence

Keep temperature the same while increasing the number of identical particles. Compare average particle energy with the total.

MODEL NOTES

Motion & energy

For the same kind of particle, a higher temperature means greater average kinetic energy. At the same temperature, more of the same substance has more total thermal energy. Thermal energy also depends on the material and particle interactions; the display tracks only the kinetic part.

At the same temperature, adding more identical particles increases sample mass and total kinetic energy without increasing average particle kinetic energy. For the same material and state, thermal energy also increases with amount.
For a single moving object, kinetic energy increases with mass at the same speed, and increases with speed at the same mass.

Use the model with your science journal and STEMscopedia. Answer the matching question in your own words, with evidence and an example as directed on your guide.